A variety of varieties, which makes it possible to grow fruits of various colors (plum red, yellow), shape and taste have made this crop the most common in garden plots. The plum got its name due to its early ripening.

Skoroplodnaya plum was obtained within the walls of VSTISP (All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology for Horticulture and Nursery), as a result of crossing the Ussuriyskaya red plum and American Claymax, the operation was controlled by Kh.K. Enikeev and SN Satarova. Skoroplodnaya is distributed practically throughout Russia: Leningrad, Moscow region, the Far East and certain regions of Siberia.

Variety characteristics

Plum Early-fruiting plant description

This is a small plum, trees of medium height with a fan-shaped, roundly spreading crown, medium or liquid foliage and density. Leaves are typical, not thick, light green, medium-sized, obovate elongated model, with a double-crenate serration along the edge. The leaves are wavy, not pubescent, petioles with glands, medium in length. Shoots are red-brown, not pubescent. The kidneys are small. The inflorescences are three-flowered, the flowers are snow-white, with slightly closed petals. There are 3 flowers on one bud. The stigma of the pistil exceeds the level of numerous stamens (24 per flower). The ovary is glabrous, the calyx is cupped, the pedicel is medium, glabrous. Flowering and fruit formation occurs on bouquet branches.

Plum Early

This is a variety of small round plums, from 20 to 30 grams, the fruits are not pubescent. The funnel at the base is shallow, narrowish, the abdominal suture is weakly or moderately pronounced. Ripe fruits can vary in color from light yellow to reddish, with more intense colors prevailing on the sunny side. The skin of the fruit is dense, thick, with a slight waxy bloom. The stone is large, round-oval in shape.

The pulp is rich yellow in color, medium density and fine fiber structure. Very juicy, strongly aromatic, good, sour-sweet taste, average sugar content. The fruit's resistance to transportation is satisfactory.

Attention! You should not abuse plums, they can cause health not only benefits, but also harm. Useful substances in the composition: proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, magnesium, iodine. Calorie content - 40-42 kcal per 100 g.

Possible negative consequences: diarrhea, increased stomach acidity, heartburn.

Bloom

The tree blooms early - from May 6 to May 15, during this period the plum is elegant, almost completely covered with flowers, has a fluffy and voluminous crown. Fruits begin to ripen from the first weeks of August. The cultivar is self-fertile, cross-pollination is required. Reliable pollinators are: Chinese plum Red ball, varieties of Alycha hybrid (Zlato Scythians, Rubinovaya, Soneyka), domestic plums in this case will not work.

Bloom

Frost resistance

The variety has high frost-hardy and winter-hardy qualities, withstands frosts down to -40 ° C. Winter frosts only slightly affect shoots and flower buds. Branches suffer a little more from cold weather. Plum Nezhenka, Nenka plum and Alleynaya plum can boast of similar winter-hardy qualities.

According to the description of the variety, the Nezhenka plum is able to withstand frosts and more than 40 degrees.And the description of the Alleynaya plum indicates not only good frost-resistant qualities, but also earlier ripening periods.

Yield

The yield is good, above average (9-30 kg per tree). Plum early ripening - already in the third year the tree begins to bear fruit. The average lifespan of these Rosaceae is 21 years. Every 2-3 years is a poor harvest.

Yield

Agrotechnics

Plum Hungarian

It is allowed to grow plums from the stone, it is preferable to use seedlings. Small plum trees are planted in spring or autumn. In the climatic conditions of central Russia, young plants planted in autumn have every chance of freezing. Therefore, the best period for planting plums in temperate regions is spring, and in the south, autumn.

Soil and plot

The early-fruiting plum prefers black earth, forest, sandy loam soil with good permeability, with a neutral or alkaline medium and a good calcium content. Plum takes root well in collective and private gardens.

Humidity

Low places with clay soil and frequent stagnation of water are not suitable for growing plums. The occurrence of groundwater should be at least 1.5-2 meters. Plum tolerates short dry periods well, but watering should be regular.

Moisture is the key to harvest

The site must necessarily be sunny, and the territory on which there will be light shade in the first or second part of the day, no more than 2-3 hours, will come down. It is not suitable for placement in dark, low places; the upper part of an unimpressive slope with a south orientation, protected from northern winds, will be an ideal place for plums. Young seedlings are placed away from adult, spreading trees, otherwise they will suffer from a lack of moisture and light.

Reproduction

The tree reproduces in two ways:

  1. bone;
  2. vaccination.

The seeds are selected from healthy, fully ripe fruits that have fallen on their own. The pulp is separated after the fruits are caked. Selected seeds are dried in the open air, planted in autumn or spring.

Landing

Two weeks before planting, a landing pit is prepared - half a meter wide and deep. Before planting, humus, potash and phosphorus fertilizers are added to the pit. The root collar should rise 4-6 cm above the ground. After the planting procedure, the plant must be watered with 2 buckets of water and the trunk circle should be mulched.

Landing pit - half a meter wide and deep

Care

Further care includes:

  • regular watering;
  • weed removal;
  • loosening the soil;
  • top dressing;
  • pruning.

When watering, the climatic conditions of the region are taken into account: a lack of moisture leads to crumbling of the fruits, and an excess to yellowing of the leaves. A young tree needs more watering than an adult.

Competent pruning helps to increase productivity and quality of fruits, and prevents diseases. The procedure is subject to shoots growing inside the crown, and all the rest should be shortened (leave at least 70 cm). Thinning pruning is carried out every spring. Remove all branches that interfere with the passage of light deep into the crown. In autumn, sanitary removal of damaged, dry branches is required.

When pruning, you should know:

  • young seedlings are cut to improve the crown setting;
  • annual pruning is done before bud break;
  • branches that have dropped almost to the ground must be removed;
  • twisted, weak, thinned branches are removed;
  • no more than ¼ of all shoots should be cut off;
  • when the tree reaches 2 meters, pruning of the shoots growing in height is necessary for the formation of a spreading crown.

Top dressing

For 2-3 years, start feeding the tree with mineral and organic fertilizers. In the spring, when the tree grows intensively, it is fed with nitrogen fertilizers, and in the fall - with border and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

Top dressing with mineral and organic fertilizers

Diseases and pests

Plum is not afraid of pests and diseases. The most dangerous for her is the plum moth, which affects both fruits and deciduous mass.

To combat it, chemical preparations are used, spraying is carried out from the beginning of the flowering period every two weeks, stopping only a month before the expected harvest.

For the prevention of moniliosis and clasterosporia, the plant is treated with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

Advantages and disadvantages

Why does plum shed green fruits

Plum Fast-growing enough - a good variety in many respects, however, it also has disadvantages.

Pros:

  • excellent fruit quality;
  • early maturity;
  • high yield rate;
  • drought resistance;
  • transportability;
  • resistance of flower buds to cold temperatures, winter hardiness (up to -40 degrees);
  • relative immunity to disease.

Minuses:

  • self-infertility;
  • the bone is hardly separated from the pulp;
  • the occurrence of burns on a tree;
  • does not produce a crop every 2-3 years;
  • the fruits become smaller when the branches are overloaded.

If you are looking for a large large plum, suitable for growing in moderate climatic conditions, then the Morning plum is in the lead in this regard, its fruits are no less tasty than that of Skoroplodnaya, while much larger.

Recently, yellow varieties of plums have become the most relevant for gardeners. To choose the most suitable variety for the site, you need to know what the yellow plum is called and its main characteristics. The most popular are: Egg, Altai Yubileinaya, Honey White, Lodva. By the way, Lodva, in comparison with others, has simply extraordinary taste characteristics and a unique caramel aroma.

This family of Rosaceae includes a wide variety of red and yellow plums, it is very difficult to choose the most suitable one, each variety is good in its own way. The early-growing plum is a fairly new variety, which is rapidly gaining momentum in popularity every year. Gardeners are especially attracted by its winter hardiness, with which few can compare.