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Today there are a large number of cherry varieties, but all of them can be roughly divided into two main groups: Morel (with large red-brown berries) and Amorel cherry (with scarlet-red fruits). The word Morel (griot) has a foreign origin and literally means dark brown in translation. Indeed, these varieties of cherries have berries with a skin colored in dark burgundy tones with a brown tint. On the other hand, the name Amorel includes red-pink and pink cherries.
Description of varieties of cherries black Morel
Morel cherries have a sweet and sour taste and a very beautiful appearance. These varieties are well suited for fresh consumption and preservation. Growing up, the tree produces much less harvest. You can extend its life by pruning old dead branches.
Descriptions of almost all varieties of black cherries are somewhat similar to each other. Most of these horticultural crops tolerate winter temperatures well, however seedling breeders recommend planting young trees in an area protected from gusts of cold winds.
The most common variety of the Morel group is Vladimirskaya cherry. Trees growing in central Russia give a harvest from mid-July. Gardeners are also well known for the Morel Bryanskaya cherry variety.
The variety Griot Ostgeimsky has earned good reviews. The berries of this garden plant are very similar in appearance to the fruits of the sweet cherry.
An adult tree of common Moreli varieties rarely exceeds 3-4 meters in height. The crown of these tree-like garden plants is round in shape. Cherry leaves are dark green. The shape of the leaves is close to an oval, with a slightly pointed nose. The margins of the leaflets are finely dissected. The veins are the same color as the main plane of the sheet.
Cherry Morel
The fruits are dark red and crimson-brown. The berries are fleshy and juicy. Overripe berries fall from the branches.
From varietal fruits can be harvested for the winter:
- Cherry juice,
- jam,
- compote.
The flesh of black cherries peels off rather easily. The juice of these berries is colored in burgundy and dark scarlet tones.
Another very early variety interesting for gardeners, which resembles sweet cherries in berry shape, color and taste, is Cherry Amorel Black. This tree has the following characteristics:
- tolerates winter cold well;
- gives a high yield of fruits with an almost black color of the skin ;;
- grows up to 4 meters in height;
- the crown of the garden culture is spreading.
Planting and caring for young trees
A well-lit corner of the garden is selected for cherries. It is recommended to plant young trees at the very beginning of spring.
Morel cherry trees do not require any special soil to grow well. Even soils with a high content of clay and sand are suitable for them.
Saplings are planted in a pre-prepared hole. The dug hole should be no deeper than 50 cm. The soil in the planting hole is prepared in the fall, a nutritious soil mixture is loaded into it with the addition of compost.
To prepare the soil mixture, take:
- one and a half buckets of deciduous humus;
- 500 g superphosphate;
- 500 g of ash;
- 40 g of nitrogen fertilizers.
Several different cherry trees of different varieties with the same ripening times for cross-pollination should grow at a short distance from each other. Insects are the pollinator for garden trees.
When planting a cherry tree, you need to make sure that the root collar remains about 5 cm above the ground level. The earth around the trunk is tamped and filled with two buckets of water.
In the future, the cultivation of garden trees is reduced to:
- watering,
- pruning,
- top dressing,
- spraying.
You can feed trees with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Infusion of chicken manure or mullein is well suited as organic matter.
Plants are sprayed with chemicals that can be purchased in specialized stores. Spraying helps to protect horticultural crops from harmful insects and common plant diseases.
You need to spray the gardens as soon as the first leaves appear. The chemical composition is applied only after the weather is good. It is useless to do this before the rain. They stop spraying with chemicals when the crop begins to pour on them.
Spraying is stopped when the harvest has arrived
Garden tree plants need to be fed regularly. Fertilizers based on chicken manure or mullein are good for this purpose.
They are prepared like this:
- a kilogram of fertilizer is dissolved in 10 liters of water;
- the solution is left to insist for 2-3 days;
- add nettle infusion to the resulting nutritional mixture.
Harvesting
Cherries are harvested as soon as they acquire their characteristic burgundy brown hue.
For this purpose, use stepladders or high wooden stairs. From old and tall trees, where it is impossible to reach the fruits even with the help of a ladder, the harvest is harvested using a long pole, on the upper end of which a cup is put. This cup is made from half a plastic bottle.
If you can't remove the berries using a ladder, you can spread plastic wrap under the tree and shake the branches with a long stick.
Useful properties and disadvantages
Cherry berry juice is useful for many diseases. However, the biggest disadvantage of cherries is that for the preparation of winter preparations, the fruits cannot be used together with the seeds.
Otherwise, black cherry varieties have only positive properties:
- it is not difficult to grow these horticultural crops, they are not demanding in care;
- tolerate winter cold well;
- not demanding on soils;
- grow in almost all regions of Russia;
- bring a big harvest;
- the fruits have good taste and attractive appearance.
Cherry belongs to traditional horticultural crops, it is difficult to imagine a garden that does not have this tree. An unpretentious, beautifully flowering plant with berries useful for human health will take its rightful place in the garden.
