Apple-tree Venyaminovskoe is a young variety bred in the Oryol region. Included in the Russian State Register of Breeding Achievements since 2001. Recommended for cultivation in the Central, Central Black Earth and North Caucasian Districts. The high-yielding variety produces fragrant fruits that can be stored almost all winter and can be transported well.
Variety characteristics
The tree is spreading, with a large thin crown of a rounded shape.
Height - medium-sized apple tree species, from 3.5-6 m.The average annual growth is 0.5 m.
Leaves are dark green, oval, slightly pointed.
The flowers are pale pink, bloom approximately in mid-May, depending on the weather conditions of the current season. The variety is self-fertile, which means that it is impossible to pollinate its flowers without the help of other apple trees and bees. A good pollinator for an apple tree is a variety like Vyaznikovka.
The fruits are conical in shape, reaching an average weight of 130 g, with a dark crimson blush almost all over the apple. The main color of the color is green, turning into green-yellow during storage. In places of growth with sufficient illumination, the fruits grow symmetrical, with a characteristic bevel and ribbing. Light gray subcutaneous dots are located throughout the apple. The pulp is juicy, white, dense, coarse-grained. The taste is sweet and sour. Tasting score - 4.4 points out of 5.
Apple-tree Venyaminovskoe
The average yield for the years of testing (1995-2000) was 160 c / ha. The first few years, the yield can be from 30 to 50 kg, and by the age of eleven, 100 kg per tree is reached.
Winter variety, winter hardiness at the level of Antonovka ordinary. The tree can withstand temperatures as low as -40C °. When wood freezes on the fruit part, there is an ability to restore it later.
The variety is genetically resistant to one of the most common apple diseases - scab.
Ripening of apples in the Moscow region, as one of the varieties favorable for cultivation, is mid-September. In most cases, apples ripen during storage.
The fruiting period of the apple tree is from 30 to 70 years. Fruiting begins at 5-7 years, depending on the type of rootstock.
The harvested apples are stored until February of the next year, towards the end of the shelf life they tend to wilt.
The winter variety is the most valuable in terms of vitamins, therefore apples are recommended for use in baby and dietary food.
Apples of this variety are recommended for use in baby and diet food
Agrotechnics
When choosing a seedling, it should be borne in mind that older specimens take root more slowly. It is preferable to buy a 1-2 year old seedling that has grown for one full season. The roots of the plant should not be dry with outgrowths and bursts.
Autumn and spring planting have their own characteristics. In autumn, the root system of a young apple tree is already formed, it is stronger and healthier. But an apple seedling planted before winter is immediately exposed to low temperatures, so it is especially important for survival in winter, so that the shoots at the time of planting are completely lignified.
Branches during autumn planting can be damaged by rodents; to prevent this, the plant is protected by installing a net around it.
Seedlings for sale by agricultural firms are dug up in the fall; during winter storage outside the soil, the root system of the plant is prone to gradual withering away.It is recommended to buy seedlings in the fall and store them yourself in a cool place until spring planting. In spring, plants need to be transferred to the ground before bud break.
Apple tree seedlings
Thus, the autumn planting is considered predominant.
The permanent place where the Benjamin apple tree will be grown is chosen the most illuminated on the site. The distance between individual apple trees is 5 m. Do not forget that this variety requires growing near the pollinating apple tree.
The best soil for an apple tree is black soil, with a low groundwater table. You should not plant the plant in lowlands and damp places.
A planting hole for a seedling is prepared, given the size of its root system, it is not necessary for a small seedling to make a pit of an impressive size. In a seedling that is more than three years old, the root system is already quite overgrown, it is pruned when planting. A typical pit is 1 m in diameter and 60 cm deep.
Planting an apple tree
When digging a planting hole, a fertile layer of earth is poured in one direction, it will be needed in the future to fill the hole, the lower layer is folded back - it is not used as soil. The soil should be loose, soft, free of foreign objects: stones, weed residues. In order to plant a seedling, a mound of fertile soil is made in the pit in the form of a mound. If fertilizers are used during planting, then they must be put in the first layer, covered with earth, so that the roots do not have direct contact with the fertilizing. It is most beneficial to apply fertilizer before planting, in the previous season. A peg is stuck into the hole, closer to one edge, to which the trunk of the tree will subsequently be tied for the rooting period.
The seedling is placed on an earthen mound, spreading the roots evenly, and they begin to cover it with a fertile layer of earth that was dug out of the hole first. It is necessary to deepen the seedling in such a way that the grafting site is 15-20 cm above the soil level. When planting, the seedling is slightly shaken several times and each time squeezed with earth so that the roots are in good contact with the soil, without the formation of air spaces.
After planting, the shoots of the seedling must be pruned to ensure a better restoration of the root system after finding it outside the soil. For autumn planting, the branches are cut by 1/3, for spring planting - by 2/3.
Culture care
Apple-tree Velyaminovskaya is a high-yielding variety, branches with many fruits may require props.
In the fall, after the foliage has fallen, to protect against diseases and pests, the apple tree is whitewashed with lime with the addition of copper sulfate at the rate of 1 kg of lime and 250 g of vitriol per 5 liters of water.
In the fall, after the foliage has fallen, to protect against diseases and pests, the apple tree is whitewashed with lime
Watering of adult apple trees is carried out several times per season, especially after flowering and during the formation of fruits. In dry summers, watering the tree will take more than 5 times. After watering or heavy rain, the soil is loosened.
Top dressing is applied a few years after planting, when the seedlings will reliably take root. To enrich the soil, organic fertilizers are used: humus, manure, bird droppings. Nitrogen fertilizers, for example, ammonium nitrate, are used in the spring, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers - in the fall.
For the greatest fruiting, the apple tree requires formative and sanitary pruning.
Pruning is carried out annually, but only in early spring, before the start of sap flow and budding. Additional removal of obsolete branches is done in the summer, when it can be understood that no leaves and fruits have formed on them. With spring pruning, the tree does not lose nutrients, on the contrary, it will begin to form more fruits.In the fall, pruning branches only injures the tree, at this time, being at rest, the branches will not make up for the loss of moisture and may die in winter.
You can disinfect the cut with solutions of manganese, copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid. Solutions are applied with a brush. After that, the branch is left to dry. Next, the cut must be covered with garden varnish or oil paint.
In mature trees, damaged and dried branches are removed in early spring, as well as inward, sometimes intertwined. Fruitful, but weak branches are thinned out so that more nutrition remains on strong shoots. The annual increase is shortened by one third.
Pruning branches in spring
In the description of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree, its increased winter hardiness is indicated, therefore, frozen branches can not be cut off, they are able to quickly recover after unfavorable conditions.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The characteristic of the variety highlights such positive qualities as:
- immunity to apple scab;
- high productivity;
- winter hardiness;
- excellent transportability and storage of fruits;
- harmonious apple, with a high taste rating;
- good recovery after freezing wood.
Disadvantages or peculiarities of the variety include: small size fruits that ripen unevenly and mainly after removal. The variety requires pollinating trees for fruiting.
What a garden would do without aromatic apples! The Venyaminovskoe apple variety with long-term storage fruits will provide vitamins in the cold season.
