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Any owner of a garden plot carefully chooses planted plants. The selection of perennial fruit trees is especially careful. It is necessary to select varieties that are maximally adapted to the surrounding conditions, since the yield directly depends on this.
Such a species as the Apple tree home has been a success since ancient times, both among novice gardeners and in the commercial sphere. The wide possibilities of using apples will leave no one indifferent. Apple blossom will be a wonderful decoration for any garden. The fruits are used for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and also as a general tonic. Fresh apples are a source of iron and are antiseptic and anti-inflammatory.
Variety history
The Avenarius apple variety was bred near St. Petersburg, in Tsarskaya Slavyanka, Petrograd province, by a priest who gave the apple his name. Having spread, the variety became popular in the North-Western part of Russia. Now the variety can be found under the trade name Sweet Avenurius.
Description of apple variety Avenarius
The description of the Avenarius apple tree should begin with the characteristics of the variety. The apple tree Avenarius belongs to the summer species. It grows up to 5 m tall, has a high lush crown, several meters in diameter. Skeletal branches are at right angles to the trunk. High annual growth is characteristic. Apple shoots are medium pubescent, light brown with a reddish tint.
Apple tree Avenarius blooms
Buds, tightly attached to the shoots, are dark red, round in shape. Kidney awakening is average.
The leaves of the apple tree are of medium size, light green shiny, sometimes with a yellowish tinge. The shape is ovoid with a pointed tip, serrated at the edges. The petiole is small, slightly pubescent. Stipules are small or completely absent.
The Avenarius apple blossom is abundant, lasting 6-11 days in May with white-pink flowers. The variety is self-fertile, that is, it is necessary to grow other summer and autumn varieties of apple trees near the tree for cross-pollination.
Fruits are medium-sized, average weight - 80-140 g, flat-rounded or round-conical, have imperceptible ribbing, pale yellow with a reddish blush in the form of blurred stripes. The peel of apples is thin, fragrant, glossy, oily to the touch. An easily washable gray bloom may be observed. The peduncle is short, strong, marsh-colored, slightly pubescent. The saucer is small, in small folds. In the half-open seed chambers of apples, ovoid brown seeds are located: about 8-10 seeds per fruit.
The pulp of the fruit is juicy, fine-grained, loose, greenish-white. However, there is almost no sourness (the content of organic acids is 0.2-0.8%). The apples are sweet and belong to the amateur variety. According to the tasting assessment, it corresponds to 4.4 points.
Apple tree Avenarius
Agrotechnical methods of growing
Despite the unpretentiousness of the Avenarius apple tree, it is necessary to carry out traditional care measures:
- Soil preparation for planting;
- Planting a seedling;
- Mandatory care and watering of the apple tree;
- Crown formation;
- Prevention of diseases and rodents.
Important! The root system of the Avenarius apple tree does not tolerate groundwater close to the surface.
Ideal soils for the variety are:
- sod-carbonate,
- sod-slightly podzolic,
- light loamy.
Note! It is undesirable to use heavy clay, waterlogged or sandy soils.
The correct planting of the seedling is the basis for future yield.
Therefore, you need to prepare in advance:
- If the planting is spring, the hole should be prepared in the fall. Disembarkation should be done before bud break;
- If the planting is autumn, the preparation should be at least 1.5-2 months, the planting itself should be before the onset of cold weather.
The optimal pit depth is 60-80 cm, width - 80-100 cm.
Attention! The larger the pit, the larger the tree will grow. In clay soils, the dimensions should be increased by 20-30 cm.
The soil at the bottom of the pit must be loosened to a depth of 25-30 cm. After that, fill the fertile layer by mixing with fertilizers: 1 glass of superphosphate, 1 glass of wood ash, 3 buckets of manure or humus. Fill the rest of the pit with fertile soil, forming a slide 15-20 cm above ground level. A peg, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, is driven into the center of the mound - this is a support for the future seedling.
Important! Before planting, you should moisten the dried roots, cut off unnecessarily long and broken ones.
It is necessary to place the seedling on a mound, well spreading the root system and sprinkling it with earth. It is important to fill in any voids by gently compacting the soil layer with your feet. Water the planting abundantly with 4-5 buckets of water. It is worth tying the apple seedling to the support in order to avoid tilting and breaking the trunk. After the soil has been saturated with water, you can mulch the surface near the trunk with humus or peat.
For the first 1-2 years, the Avenarius variety does not need to be looked after much: it only requires pruning broken, damaged or dry branches, weeding and regular watering.
Watering the tree is carried out once a month based on the number of buckets of water = the number of years of the plant.
Note! Watering the apple tree during the harvest period leads to increased wateriness of the fruit and their cracking.
Crown formation can be carried out in spring at a temperature of 12-15 ° C until the first buds appear. It is required to cut off shoots ahead of the main conductor, as well as branches growing at an acute angle into the crown.
For the normal development of the apple tree, Avenarius is fed for 3-4 years. In the spring, a urea solution is introduced into the soil: 2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water. In May-June, during the period of ovary formation, the crown should be treated with sodium humate. In the fall, fertilizing with phosphate-potassium fertilizers is carried out.
To prevent the appearance of pests, the near-trunk circle should be dug up in the fall and the trunk should be whitewashed with lime. With the onset of the first frosts, the trunk circle should be mulched with humus or compost. In areas with little snowy winters, it is imperative to spud earth to a height of 15-20 cm.
Pros and cons
The advantages of the variety:
- Fruiting early, already by 3-4 years after planting;
- The undoubted advantages include the frost resistance of apple trees;
- Resistance to fungal diseases.
Disadvantages of the variety:
- Harvested apples are stored only for a month;
- A feature is the clear periodic nature of fruiting. This places restrictions on commercial apple cultivation;
- Low self-pollination ability.
In conclusion, it can be concluded that the variety is ideal for obtaining an early harvest of sweet, beautiful apples, which can be used in any form. The high sugar content makes them attractive for processing and harvesting without additional sugar addition. However, the shelf life of apples is short - within 3-4 weeks, which is typical for summer varieties of apples. Avenurius does not require special care, but the peculiarities of the root system impose restrictions on the choice of soil for planting. It is resistant to scab and other diseases and tolerates frosty winters, typical for most regions of the Russian Federation.
