Content:
Cherry Volochaevka was bred in the FSBSI VSTISP in the 1980s by the team of A.I. Evstratov on the basis of two traditional Russian varieties of the middle zone - Vladimirskaya and Lyubskaya. The variety inherited from them the characteristic sweet and sour taste of the fruit, high frost resistance and medium resistance to fungal diseases. Since 1997, it has been recommended for cultivation in the Central region of Russia, the climatic conditions of which are most consistent with the requirements of the culture for temperature and moisture.
Cherry Volochaevka: variety description
Average winter hardiness. Cherry Volochaevskaya is resistant to frost up to -30 ° С, below this value, the buds and young branches begin to freeze in plants.
Returning spring frosts are dangerous for flower buds.
As a result, the culture shows unsatisfactory cultivation results in the regions north of Vladimir and Transbaikalia, on the northern and windward slopes, in lowlands, places with a close occurrence of groundwater and soils with an acid reaction.
Drought resistance is average. In the middle zone, it requires watering 3 times a season, more often to the south, moistening and mandatory mulching of the soil is needed.
Cherry Volochaevka tree
The yield is medium or high - from 10 to 15 kg per tree over 4-5 years old, with good care and satisfactory weather conditions, up to 65 (in the middle lane) and 100 (in the south of Russia) c / ha. The productivity standard for Russian cherries is 45 c / ha (according to the Vladimirskaya variety). The tree bears fruit for 15 years, in the south - up to 20.
Early maturity is average or medium-late (in the northern suburbs), the fruits begin to ripen in the third decade-end of July. In southern Russia, the deadline is shifted to early July.
Flowering in the middle lane begins in the second half of May, in the south - in early May.
The variety is self-pollinated: it does not require the presence of pollinating insects, close planting of other varieties and cherries, and is less dependent on weather conditions.
Resistance to diseases is average, to coccomycosis - sometimes high.
Plant and fruit parameters
The height of the tree is average - 3-3.5 meters. The crown is rounded, raised, of medium density, beautifully shaped. The leaves are dark green, obovate with a crenate edge. Branches of the past growth and bouquets bear fruit.
Drupe of medium size (2.7 - 3.7 g), in the southern regions and in warm summer - up to 4.5 g, oval; the skin is cherry-red, the color of the pulp and juice is red or cherry (a type of morel).
Cherry Volochaevka berries
The pulp is medium-dense, juicy; the stone is medium in size, easily separated. The taste of the fruit is dessert, sweet and sour, in the rainy season and on depleted soils - watery. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, for making drinks and for preservation. The cherries used to decorate baked goods retain their special spicy flavor after being cooked.
| The chemical composition of the fruit pulp | ||
|---|---|---|
| Substance | number | Notes |
| Water | 0.844 | Average content for cherries |
| Sahara | 0.1 | The content is reduced in comparison with the standard for cherries by 2 times |
| Vitamin C | 22 mg in 100 g | The content is increased compared to the standard (15 g per 100 g). 100 g of pulp contains 22% of the daily intake of vitamin C for a healthy adult |
| Organic acids | 0.014 | Average acidity.The variety of acids determines the characteristics of taste and depends on the mineral composition of the soil. |
Cherry Volochaevskaya: description of agricultural technology
The variety has a standard requirement for soils for cherries: well-drained, fertile soils with groundwater levels below 1.5 - 2 meters, with a strictly neutral reaction. Trees are best planted on the southeastern slopes, where they can get sufficient protection from the winds and good light, necessary for the formation of a quality fruit taste.
Planting is best done at the end of April after the soil has warmed up, but before the leaves open. Autumn plantings are dangerous by freezing of seedlings.
The pit for planting is prepared in the fall with a depth of 60 - 80 cm and a diameter of 60 cm. The bottom of the pit is drained with a layer of crushed stone and sand 10 cm high. The clay soil is mixed with sand. Fertilizers are introduced since autumn: humus, superphosphate, ash and potassium chloride.
Cherry Volochaevka first stages
The roots of the seedling are carefully straightened, if possible, in a horizontal position, the root collar and the place of the scion should be located above the soil level. A hole is formed around the trunk to facilitate irrigation, the surface of the earth is mulched in it. After planting, the plant must be watered with 20-30 liters of water (2-3 buckets).
Top dressing should be started with the beginning of fruiting (in the 4th - 5th year), preferably in the spring. This is especially true of nitrogenous fertilizers, which can cause pre-winter growth of shoots. Rotted manure, compost and mineral forms (ash, industrial fertilizers) are used as fertilizers.
Scheme:
- 4th year - urea (in the spring for digging), potassium sulfate and double superphosphate (in summer), organic fertilizers (in the fall into the ring groove);
- 5th and 6th year - ammophoska (in spring);
- 7th year - as in 4th year;
- every next year - mineral fertilizers;
- every 4 years - organic fertilizers;
- from the 5th year onwards, liming is carried out every 5 years.
Watering in the middle lane is carried out 3 times, 50 liters each: after flowering, at the beginning of fruit ripening and in autumn.
Loosening of the trunk circle is necessary after each watering. The mulch layer can be maintained throughout the season, before winter, and after the snow has melted to slow down flowering, to keep the flower buds from freezing in the spring. For the same purposes, it is recommended to maintain a snow cover under the trees until the snow melts completely.
Pruning for crown formation and removal of dead branches is carried out according to standard rules - in early spring. Root shoots are also removed.
Cherry pruning
Preparation for winter includes the timely termination of nitrogen fertilization (no later than the beginning of August), coloring the trunks with garden paint or lime, fencing young seedlings from rodents. Blooming trees can be protected from late frosts by smoky with burning peat or sawdust.
Pest and disease control
| Disease | Countermeasures |
|---|---|
| Coccomycosis | Destruction of affected fruits and leaves; treatment with Bordeaux liquid and urea; early spring preventive treatments with biofungicides |
| Moniliosis | Destruction of affected branches and fruits; treatment with Bordeaux liquid, iron vitriol, aqueous solution of copper oxychloride, in spring - with biological products |
| Hole spot | Also |
| Anthracnose | Processing "Polyram" 3-fold |
| Weevil | Timely loosening and mulching of the trunk circle; processing with karbaphos and kinmix |
| Aphid | Processing "Inta-Vir", "Iskra" |
| Mole | "Decis", "Aktara" |
| Slime Sawfly Caterpillars | "Inta-Vir" |
Advantages and disadvantages
Variety advantages:
- relative frost resistance, recommended for cultivation in central Russia;
- unpretentious care;
- characteristic "cherry" taste of the fruit;
- relative resistance to fungal diseases (especially coccomycosis).
Disadvantages:
- not suitable for dry areas and areas with very harsh winters (less than -30 ° С);
- medium-sized fruits.
Cherry varieties Volochaevskaya won the popularity of private gardeners and industrial farms in central and southern Russia due to the unpretentiousness and high taste of the fruit.
