Most gardeners thoroughly approach the choice of varieties of fruit trees, places for planting them, and also thoroughly follow the rules of cultivation. The Sun apple tree, which ripens in late autumn, is liked by its taste and ability to be stored for a long time after harvest. The compact tree looks beautiful in the garden with bunches of red fruits. The cultivation of trees of this variety is simple, the details of the process will be discussed below.
History of creation
The apple-tree Solnyshko, the parameters and description of which correspond to the elite category, was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops. It appeared by selecting seeds in 1981 from a collection garden. In 1990, the tree began to bear fruit, and in 1993 the variety was recognized as an elite variety because of its excellent qualities. The breeding work was carried out by:
- V.V. Zhdanov;
- E.A. Dolmatov;
- E.N. Sedov;
- Z.M. Serov.
In 1998, the apple tree began to be tested in the regions of Russia: Central, Central Black Earth, Nizhnevolzhsky. In 2001, the Sun was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Apple tree Sun
Characteristics and features
The fruits of the variety reach maturity at a later date on an average-sized adult tree (from 2.5 to 3.5 m), with a rounded, not excessively dense crown, up to 4 m in diameter.Smooth red-brown bark shines a little, shoots are bent, rather thick, elbow-shaped. Medium-sized foliage, oval, pointed, serrated, light green in color. Flowering is observed in the 2nd or 3rd decade of May. Flowers with a pale pink tint are of medium size. The characteristic of the variety is self-infertility, therefore, pollinators are planted nearby: Orlik, Antonovka, Imrus, Moscow pear.
A smooth apple has an oblong, somewhat beveled shape with ribbing, as well as the following characteristics:
- Weight - from 90 to 180 grams. This size is average;
- The color is greenish-yellow with a bright crimson blush. By maturity, the green tint turns to yellow;
- White pulp is juicy, dense;
- Pleasant sweet and sour taste;
- The tasting was carried out with a score of 4.3;
- Contains titratable acid - up to 0.85%, sugars - up to 7.9%, ascorbic acid - 7.2 mg per 100 g.
The Sun variety is fruitful, each tree gives up to 200 kg of fruit per season. On an industrial scale, this is 120 kg / ha. The culture does not differ in early maturity, starting to bear fruit at 6 or 7 years of cultivation. When harvesting, some gardeners adjust the weight of the fruit. They remove some of them for processing, after which it is easier for the apple tree to grow the rest.
The Sun variety is fruitful
Features of this fruit crop: tolerates severe frost, is resistant to scab. The general resistance to diseases can be called sufficient, the tree lives up to 30 years. An adult specimen of the plant carries out active fruiting from 7 to 20 years.
Agrotechnics
The most appropriate landing dates for the Sun:
- spring, when the buds have not yet blossomed;
- autumn period, after leaf fall, but before frost.
The technology used includes site selection. It should be sunny, with any soil other than clayey soil types. Landing involves the preliminary preparation of a pit, 0.8 m deep and 1 m in diameter, in a few weeks. The tree is soaked in water, soaking the roots with moisture. The bottom needs to be filled with drainage, on which soil is poured. In the middle of the pit, a mound is formed, on which the root system is installed and spread.The rest of the earth is poured and tamped, inserting a support for the plant, and watered abundantly.
When planting several apple trees, you need to maintain a distance between them up to 6 meters. If the specimen is on a dwarf rootstock, then up to 3 meters. Watering should be moderate, without excess moisture, which will badly affect the harvest. In autumn, it is not required at all, and in hot periods - often, but not in abundant portions, in the evening. In a rainy summer, the trunk circle is loosened, grooves are made to drain excess moisture.
Agricultural technology is similar to other fruit crops:
- After wintering, the tree is examined, diseased branches are found;
- In the spring, the tree is cut and the crown is formed;
- Prevention of diseases and pests;
- Watering;
- Weed cleaning, loosening, mulching;
- Fertilization;
- Pruning in the fall.
Crown care measures involve the first pruning 1/3 of the height after planting in order to develop lateral branches. In the future, the procedure is carried out 2 times a year. In the spring, it provides conditions for the ripening of apples, as well as prevention from diseases and pests. In autumn, branches damaged by harvest and harvesting are removed.
Care also requires the introduction of fertilizers containing nitrogen, organic matter during the development of shoots. In the spring, they are fed with chicken droppings, ammonium nitrate. When fruiting, compost and superphosphate are added. In autumn, mineral complexes are added to the trunk circles or holes.
Apple tree care
The issues of wintering the tree also deserve attention, although the variety is quite resistant to cold. Good tolerance to low temperatures is due to proper soil moisture and feeding. For apple trees less than 5 years old, it is recommended to carry out warming measures. The space near the trunk is mulched, the roots are treated with superphosphate in an amount of 30 g per liter.
Advantages and disadvantages
The following advantages of the Solnyshko apple variety are distinguished:
- Scab immunity;
- High productivity;
- Resistance to extreme cold and spring frosts;
- Beautiful fruits;
- Great taste;
- The ability of fresh apples to store for a long time;
- The crop is well transported;
- Versatility of application.
The entry of the Sun into the lists of elite varieties coincides with the fact that there are no significant "minuses". The only drawback is that the tree needs pollinators - it is not self-fertile. Also, there is no immunity to the red mite, moth, flower beetle and some other pests. The sun and compliance with the rules of care will lead to the ripening of a wonderful harvest of elite apples.
