Every year, breeders are trying to breed more and more large varieties of chrysanthemums, despite the fact that this is already one of the largest flowers in the world. The plant is picky and adaptable, which is why it is so widespread and familiar to everyone. Chrysanthemum large-flowered, varieties and types of plants, planting features and care - more on that later.

History of large-flowered chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums are perennial and annual herbaceous plants belonging to the Asteraceae and Asteraceae families. Today, there are about 29 species in nature, most common in the temperate and northern regions, mostly in Asia. Archeology, based on the work done, claims that the Chinese began to cultivate this flower more than 2500 years ago, because its petals were used for food. Further, the Japanese began to cultivate the plant, who simply idolized the flower. Only members of the imperial families could wear clothes with his images.

In Europe, they first learned about chrysanthemum at the end of the 18th century, but they began to cultivate it only in the middle of the 19th century.

Large-flowered chrysanthemum

Plant characteristics

Chrysanthemums chamomile

Large chrysanthemums are unknown in the wild. The variety was obtained by crossing varieties originating from Japan or China. This is still not confirmed.

Note! Large-flowered Japanese or Chinese chrysanthemums have a wide variety of varieties that have arisen against the background of a centuries-old culture, accompanied by hybridization and breeding work.

Large-flowered chrysanthemums are perennial plants that have a thickened or branched root system. The stems are erect, capable of reaching a height of 25 cm. The inflorescences have a basket-like shape; they include a large number of tubular and ligulate flowers (up to 1000 pcs.).

Thanks to such a wide variety, it is possible to create attractive decorative bouquets and compositions.

Note!Each variety manifests itself in different ways, since when grown in different natural and climatic conditions, individual characteristics can be modified.

Plants are frost-resistant, but the buds die when the temperature drops to 0 ° C. They actively develop on sandy loam and fertile soils. They love a lot of light and moisture. Chrysanthemums reproduce by dividing the bush and cuttings.

Types and varieties of culture

Chrysanthemum diseases

Before you start growing a plant, you need to familiarize yourself with the huge variety of species of large-flowered chrysanthemum varieties.

Chrysanthemum Diplomat

Early varieties bloom from August to September. The most common:

  • Excel - chrysanthemums are white large or pink, have a spherical shape;
  • Evelyn Bush - white inflorescences are formed, the shape is hemispherical;
  • Zlata Prague - flowers of a golden-red color, the seamy side is golden.

Medium varieties bloom from September to November. The most demanded and common:

  • Diplomat - a variety with flowers of a bronze-red hue, hemispherical;
  • William Turner also has several varieties: inflorescences can be curly lilac, yellow or white;
  • Indiana Police is the same. All flowers are spherical, but the color can be red, white or yellow.

    Chrysanthemum Luyon

Late varieties of chrysanthemums begin to bloom only in November and continue until January.The most famous:

  • Luyon - radiant inflorescences, yellow color;
  • Victory - spherical flowers, white color;
  • Fred Showsmith - hemispherical inflorescences are formed, have a white and yellow color.

Large chrysanthemums: rules of agricultural technology

Chrysanthemum bush

Chrysanthemums are picky plants that do not require a lot of physical and financial costs from the gardener. What a gardener will need to grow:

  • small but rooted chrysanthemum seedlings;
  • special square pots (optimal dimensions are 25 * 25 cm or 8 * 8 cm) or round, the diameter of which is 8 cm or 25 cm;
  • special soil for growing seedlings;
  • a water-soluble mineral fertilizer complex (it contains potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus) or a liquid fertilizer intended for flowering plants;
  • supports, the height of which is from 1.5 to 1.8 m, the diameter is not more than 2 cm;
  • plates where it will be possible to indicate the planted variety;
  • twine for garter flowers.

    Planting chrysanthemums

Cutting and planting

The most common form of culture propagation is cuttings. With the onset of spring, already rooted planting material can be purchased in special nurseries that breed chrysanthemums.

If the gardener has a mother bush, then it is recommended to independently cut large-flowered chrysanthemums by cuttings in late March - late May.

Important!In winter, uterine bushes should be stored at 1-6 ° C in greenhouses or hotbeds. 3 weeks before the expected date of cuttings, you need to increase it to 10-12 ° C, as well as increase the frequency of watering.

With the onset of spring, when the air temperature and the length of daylight hours gradually increase, shoots begin to actively form on the plant. With an interval of 2 weeks, it is recommended to feed the crop with complex fertilizers.

In about 2 weeks, the length of the shoots will increase by 10 cm. Cuttings used for propagation should not be covered with wood, and their length should not exceed 7 cm. They should also have 4 adult leaves. The workpiece should be done with a sharp and clean knife.

The prepared planting material is planted in universal soil. Planting in the following substrate has excellent indicators: high peat and greenhouse land. After planting, the plants need to be watered abundantly.

The optimum temperature for rooting large-flowered chrysanthemums is 10-18 ° C. It is recommended to cover plants with transparent plastic bottles or plastic wrap to maintain high humidity levels.

Chrysanthemum seedlings

Formation of bushes

Throughout the summer, you need to regularly carry out pinching, cutting off the shoots located in the leaf axils. The frequency of the procedure is 1-2 times a week. Shoots located at the base of the stem are also cut off.

Important! When the culture grows in the northern regions, the formation of the bush will end on the first crown bud. In regions with favorable climatic conditions, buds of the second and third order are formed.

Experienced gardeners quite often leave one main and one reserve bud when forming bushes. The second can be removed when the first is already sufficiently developed and the probability of its death is minimized.

Diseases and pests: methods of dealing with them

Plants are often sick and attacked by pests due to inadequate care. And, despite the strong immune system, if the rules of agricultural technology are not followed, this can lead to death.

The enemies of large-flowered chrysanthemums are slugs, caterpillars, aphids, spider mites and thrips. The plant is most vulnerable during wintering, when dangerous insects seek refuge during cold weather.

Chrysanthemum disease

The most common fungal and viral diseases:

  • gray rot is accompanied by the formation of brown spots, affecting all aerial parts of the plant;
  • the main symptom of the development of powdery mildew is the formation of white bloom on the leaves and inflorescences;
  • the worst danger for this species of chrysanthemum is the nematode.The main symptom of the development of the disease is blackening of the lower leaves.

The incurable diseases include aspermia, dwarfism and mosaic. These pathologies lead to a delay in flower development. When diagnosing these ailments, the plants must be removed from the site and burned. Chrysanthemums and other plants cannot be planted in their place for several years.

Chrysanthemum care

Prevention of diseases and pest attacks:

  • purchase of high-quality seed;
  • compliance with all rules of crop rotation;
  • disinfection of the topsoil;
  • compliance with planting rules, avoidance of thickening;
  • proper care.

Large-flowered chrysanthemums are plants of amazing beauty, which are also unpretentious in care. Even novice gardeners can grow them!