Planting grapes

Growing grapes is not difficult as it seems at first glance. This berry is ready to bear fruit on any soil, except for swampy and salty soil. To grow the best harvest, you need to know how to plant the grapes correctly.

Planting grapes in the ground: in spring or autumn

The best time to plant is determined by climatic conditions. Can be planted in autumn and spring. The best option is when the earth warms up to 10 ° C, and the air temperature approaches 15 ° C.

Features of planting in spring

Planting in spring is good because the plant has time to take root before winter in the summer. They are planted during this period according to the standard scheme - 80 * 80 cm. It is advisable to inspect the vine for the presence of awakened buds before sending it into the ground.

Planting features in autumn

The landing pattern is almost the same. Unlike in spring autumn, you need to plant planting material with a developed root system. A properly performed planting procedure will allow you to get the first harvest in 3 years.

The seedlings planted in the fall will not dry out from the heat in the summer, but, on the contrary, will have time to harden by the winter.

Planting grapes in spring

In order for the seedlings to begin better in the spring, you need to follow a specific scheme for planting grapes in the spring.

Preparation of seedlings

Among gardeners, the following types are distinguished:

• Own-rooted - these are those that are grown from annual lignified or green grape shoots. They are much cheaper than those vaccinated. They practically do not die in winter, reborn from shoots. A big disadvantage is the appearance of the phylloxera parasite, which leads to the death of the seedling.
• The vaccinated are resistant to phylloxera, which is undoubtedly an advantage. This type of offshoot starts growing faster due to the accumulated nutrients. Their cost is about 2 times higher than that of rooted ones. After planting, they require more diligent care, but the work will pay off with a magnificent harvest.

Grape stalk in water with growth stimulant

Having bought a cutting, it must be put into water with the addition of special mixtures (growth stimulants). For planting, it is enough that there are two buds on the seedling. After soaking, the cutting is carefully removed and dried well. Before planting the cutting in the ground, you need to germinate the roots. For this, it is re-placed in water, where potassium permanganate is added so that the liquid does not become cloudy.

Check the water level periodically and top up if necessary. After the roots appear, you need to prepare a container. A pot or a cut-off plastic bottle will work. The stalk is placed in a container and covered with soil for seedlings. Next, you should control the moisture content of the soil, but do not fill it.

Seat selection

Grapes are a thermophilic plant, which is why it is much more difficult to grow it in the Urals, Siberia and the Middle Lane. What is the best place to plant a seedling? The space should warm up well at least the first half of the day.The plant will thrive best on the southwest side of the site, where there are no drafts. For protection from the wind, experts recommend to additionally close the seedlings with an artificial hedge.

Soil preparation

How to plant grapes correctly so that they grow well and bear fruit? It is necessary to prepare a pit for planting grapes in advance and apply fertilizers to it. For good growth of grapes, the soil dug out of the hole is mixed with fertilizers (humus, chicken droppings) and half covered back. It is important that the groundwater is at a depth of at least 2 m, and the soil acidity is 8 pH.

How to plant grapes in spring: step by step instructions

1. You should carefully examine the seedling. There should be no kinks or cracks on it. Better to buy one- and two-year olds.
2. It is necessary to trim the tips of the roots by 1 cm and immerse them in water for 24 hours. This procedure is performed to remove a possible infection.
3. After aging, it was time for planting the seedling. For this, the shoots are placed in the hole at an angle of 45-47 ° to the grape trellis.
4. For convenient covering before winter, a gap is made between the trellis and the handle. Next, the direction of the roots is set down the hill.
5. After a given direction, you need to fill up and distribute a layer of fertile soil (15-20 cm) over the entire area, which was mixed with fertilizers.
6. The bush is gently pulled up so as not to damage the roots.
7. 2 buckets of warm water are poured into the hole.
8. For access of fresh air to the roots from above, the earth is sprinkled with a thin layer of ash.

When planting another stalk in the neighborhood, you need to maintain a certain distance. Should be at least 0.8-1 m to another plant. The same rule applies to planting grapes in a row.

Planting grapes in a greenhouse

Grapes in a greenhouse have many advantages over open ground. Due to the better growing conditions, the gardener expects a large harvest. The problem with wasps, which so love to spoil grape berries, is immediately solved. The foundation and cladding of the greenhouse will protect the plant from frost. Even without heating, the temperature there will be 5-7 ° higher. But before planting grapes in a greenhouse, you should pay close attention to the choice of varieties.

Table 1. Cultivars suitable for greenhouse cultivation.

Further planting of grape seedlings is no different from that which is carried out in open ground.The height of the built greenhouse should be more than 3 m in height, and the optimal area is 15-30 m². The large area is usually used to grow grapes for sale. For cladding, it is recommended to use a material with high light transmission, such as polyethylene film or polycarbonate. If possible, it is advisable to install artificial heating. In this case, the frost resistance of the variety as a selection criterion will not be so important. In places where there is less sun, it is better to install fluorescent lamps. Also, do not forget that the plant needs fresh air. This problem is solved by arranging the greenhouse with several vents or automatic flaps that open and close the transom at a certain temperature.

Further care

To regularly get a good harvest, one correct planting will not be enough, you need to learn how to care for the plant.If, even for a little, the grapes are left unattended, the consequences can be sad (the bush will hit the disease, the ovary and spoil the insects, due to the lack of watering the vine will die).

In the first year of planting you need:

• periodically loosen the soil and remove weeds;
• make a hole around the bush, when the first leaves unfold, to harden the plant and conveniently remove excess growth in the future;
• watering 1-2 times a week, 10 liters for each bush, additionally feeding with superphosphate;
• remove excess shoots, leaving the most powerful;
• tie the fruiting parts to the trellis before the plant begins to dissolve buds and leaves. The procedure is performed to avoid low quality berries damaged by pests and diseases.

Almost immediately after planting, the bush begins to form and continues to do this for several years. And here the main thing is not to miss the molding. Weak and damaged branches should be pruned in the fall after summer growth. Since in Russia, in particular, in the Moscow region, there is mainly a harsh climate, you have to shelter grapes for the winter. Today, the most common are stampless formations, which allow you to easily prune and rejuvenate the bush.

Spraying grapes with phytosporin

The grapes should be sprayed to avoid infections. To do this, you can use with. Spraying is best done in dry weather before flowering. Further processing times will depend on the condition of the plant.

Like other cultivated plants, grapes need feeding. It is impossible to take care of the plant without fertilizing. When the bushes begin to bear fruit, they are fertilized 3 times per season:

• In mid-May, when there are only a few weeks left before flowering, you need to do the first feeding. It is recommended to give the plant a portion of nitrogen fertilizers (ready-made preparations are sold in garden stores). For 1 bush 10 liters of solution.
• The second feeding is carried out in mid-June. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mixed in proportions of 3: 2: 1. For each bush, 30 g.
• From mid-July to mid-August, the third feeding is carried out. It is processed with superphosphate 50 g and potassium sulfate 25 g.

When adding liquid organic matter in the fall, it is recommended to reduce the dose by 2 times. It is best to apply fertilizers in a circle with a radius of 1 m through the holes made so that the solution reaches the roots accurately.

Any suitable materials are used to shelter the grapes for the winter. Instructions on how to do it:

1. The shoot is placed in a pre-prepared hole (dug on a shovel bayonet along the bush).
2. Pinned to the soil.
3. It is covered with a double layer of foil, roofing felt, hay, straw.
4. Sprinkled with soil.

Rules and mistakes of planting grapes

When planting grapes in open ground or a greenhouse, the following gardeners' recommendations should be taken into account:

• to choose a planting site, it is better to give preference to light soils or black soil;
• it is important to consider the level of groundwater;
• you need to fertilize and water the seedlings in the first 2-3 years;
• you must not violate the arrangement of the bushes;
• when landing near buildings, an indent of 0.5 m is made from the walls.

Common mistakes:

• the acquisition of unknown grape varieties is unacceptable, since each type is intended for a specific climate;
• planting seedlings with a weak root system can lead to the fact that the plant does not take root;
• do not plant grapes close to trees and buildings;
• an insufficiently dug hole for planting will affect the development of the plant, and an excessively deep one will slow down growth.

Planting grape seedlings and caring for them is a rather complicated process. Everything is important: soil preparation, site selection, correct transplantation from the pot into the ground and further care. If everything is done correctly, the harvest will not be long in coming.