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Growing grapes is one of the main stages in the formation of a true lover of horticultural crops. But this plant is very demanding, it needs constant care, pruning and other procedures that will save the bushes from weeds and turn into impenetrable jungle. After the pruning process, the vitality of the culture increases, the fruits are healthy and of high quality.
Processing and care of grapes
In order for the planted grapes to please their owners with a good harvest for more than one year, it is necessary immediately after planting to start caring for the shoots. It is worth doing all the procedures carefully and carefully.
The most important part of any plant is the roots. In the case of grapes, the surface roots must be destroyed. This will help the plant to direct its forces towards the formation of the main root. For this, time is allocated in early July and in the last month of summer, best of all in the morning hours. The hole around the plant is made a little deeper and the roots that are on the surface and close to the base are cut with a pruner. After that, the hole is covered with earth again.
Pruning grapes in summer
There is a list of “green operations” that no gardener can do without in the process of growing grapes. Among them, the following are distinguished:
- "Dry garter". It involves tying old vines to a trellis, which helps them choose the right direction for growth. Gardeners are doing this closer to the beginning of the summer season.
- Wreckage grape shoots are produced at the time when the first buds began to appear. It is necessary to get rid of barren branches and shoots that are noticeably lagging behind in growth. After that, several times during the season, you can carry out the "green garter", which consists in tying fresh vines to the trellis. Those vines are selected that are 15 centimeters ahead of the previous trellis.
- Pinching grapes before flowering is an equally important procedure. When the grapes are pinched, at the end of the first summer month. The gardener needs to reduce the length of the fruit shoots. This will help the nutrients flow into the bunches with ease. The upper part of the shoots is pruned after the appearance of the antennae, about four leaves remain in the bunches. In addition, pinching the grapes from above is practiced. Performed when the length becomes about 3 meters. Otherwise, the vine will stretch up to 5 meters long and overload the root system.
- Normalization inflorescences is another "green procedure".It consists in removing the first class inflorescence from varieties of grapes with medium-sized arms. The rest of the varieties need to be removed from the inflorescences of the third and fourth varieties. After this procedure, there will be a noticeable improvement in the taste of the grapes. The berries will grow larger and sweeter; they will have fewer defects, less often the decay process will be observed.
- Stealing grapes are the clipping of greenery, which has no practical value for plant growth. How to pinch grapes? The procedure is not too complicated - stepchildren begin to appear in the leaf axils in summer, which must be removed. At the same time, the free hanging mustache is trimmed. The procedure is performed regularly, from the beginning of summer until the end of summer. If this is not done, the plant will be sprayed into small shoots in the future, it will begin to put forces on their growth. After pinching, the vine will direct all its energy towards the formation of healthy and tasty fruits.
- Chasing grapes consists in cutting off the tops of the shoots of the grapes up to the first healthy leaf. The minting of grapes, the terms of which are limited to the beginning of August, must be done in order to slow down the growth of the branches of the plant. The bunches will form better and faster.
Chasing
- Thinning leaves - another essential procedure, which is the destruction of old leaves that live in the lower part of the grapes. In addition to old and damaged leaves, you should also remove those that cast a shadow on bunches with already formed berries. Branches and leaves will be able to let air in, sunlight will not meet an obstacle in its path.
In the process of pinching, chasing, thinning, in no case should you cut off the shoots with your hands, using brute force. All procedures must be carried out carefully using a sharp knife or pruner. Any grape pruning should be done in one stroke. Only in this case will the cut be smooth.
Types of pruning and other ways of forming grapes
Grape pruning in May and June refers to the spring period. At this time, the vine is formed, removing parts that have suffered in winter. In the summer, along with pruning, the grapes are minted, pinched and pinched, which helps the sunlight to illuminate the leaves and bunches unhindered. It is also important that after all the care measures, the plant's immunity increases - this is one of the main reasons for carrying out these procedures.
Methods for pruning grapes
There are several types of pruning that you need to properly study in order to apply to the plant directly on your site. Among them are distinguished:
- "Short cut" carries the goal of leaving only about 3 eyes on the shoot. They are called recovery knots. It is very important to note that if the inner position of the lower ocellus is observed in the replacement shoot, then three buds must be left on the back side. The vine that begins to grow from the lower one is removed. Thus, the grower forms a replacement knot with an outward inclination. The newly baked shoot will grow from their upper eye, which becomes the reason for the formation of a full-fledged grape bush. This method is suitable for cultivars bearing lower corner buds.
- "Long cut" held for grape varieties such as Taifi Pink, Black Kishmish and Parkent Pink. After the procedure, these varieties begin to bear fruit rapidly and abundantly. Long pruning of grapes in summer should be carried out with about 14 buds at the beginning of the main part of the plant; at the same time, an average of 50 pieces are left on the entire vine.
- "Mixed cropping" it is characterized as a combination of several types of pruning, that is, some shoots will be pruned by "short pruning", and some, most often fruit ones - by "long pruning".
Short cut
Selecting and pruning unnecessary shoots
How are grapes cut in the summer from unnecessary shoots? There are a number of methods for shaping grapes. They help to more rationally approach the use of the planting area, which will give the fruits healthy and tasty formation. The process consists in tying the sleeves of the vines to the supports, trimming and removing excess components, pinching unnecessary shoots.
The general formation scheme is as follows:
- the head of the bush is removed at the first stage;
- sleeves are updated;
- each year, new fruit links or even several are formed;
- the knots are renewed, restored and replaced.
Technological shaping is one of the most successful methods, which consists in the fan formation of grapes. This method is most often used by residents of the middle lane, since the fan-shaped bush is easy to care for.
Bushes that have lived on the soil for only a year must be pruned, because after that they can form correctly. It also helps to move into the fruiting phase. In the fall, circumcision is carried out into 2 kidneys, which will then function as the main sleeves.
Pruning unnecessary shoots
It is worth noting that by the 4th year of the functioning of the bush, about four fruiting circles have time to form. Therefore, the formation of a new sleeve carries the goal of strengthening the plant and helping it continue to bear a large number of fruits. At the same time, the rejuvenation procedure should be carried out every 2 years, which will help maintain the genetic memory of the varieties.
If we talk about pruning in the spring, it is recommended to carry out a corrective pruning before the juice begins to move through the "circulatory system" of grapes. This helps to maintain the schematic grape shape that was originally chosen by the grower.
The importance of caring for grapes
Grapes are a crop that requires regular and proper maintenance. Most of the trimming and shaping work is done in the spring and fall. Nevertheless, true gardeners know that summer pruning is one of the most important procedures on the way to obtaining a rich harvest.
It is in the summer that the growth of the vine is adjusted, establishing a balance between empty and fruit-bearing shoots. After proper pruning, during the harvesting process, the gardener will also not face many problems. You do not have to look for clusters of berries in the mass of leaves and break through the impenetrable jungle, which simply will not exist. Among other things, pruning increases the hardiness of the vines, which helps them survive the growing season.
If the gardener really pays due attention to his "green pets", then for many years to come he will be able to enjoy berries: sweet, nutritious and full of vitamins. Otherwise, the grower may say goodbye to sweet fruits, and most likely he will contemplate wild thickets through which it will become impossible to wade.
Grape care
It is important to remember that you should not strive to grow a huge number of vines and grapes. Experienced gardeners strongly recommend taking care of quality and forgetting about quantity in the first years of growth. If the grapes take root, put down strong roots and adjust the power system, and the gardener will carry out timely "green operations", after a few years it will be possible to start working on quantity.
For a start, it is worth trying out the culture, giving the opportunity to gain a foothold in a new place. If the plants are trying to put out too many bunches, it is necessary to remove them - to limit the fruiting process. Otherwise, the plant will prematurely deplete and will not be able to fully function in the future.
The most important rule, which in no case should be forgotten by the winegrower - balance generates harmony and sweet berries. Water the plant in time, ensure free access to the sun's rays and the passage of air, remove unnecessary shoots, and the grapes will delight for more than one year.
